Socioeconomic and demographic disparities in immunotherapy utilization for advanced kidney and bladder cancer

This study assessed socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with the receipt of immunotherapy for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder. While multiple trials have demonstrated clear survival benefit, there are often barriers to access for these advanced therapies. Of the 15,926 patients with stage IV ccRCC that received IO therapy, Black and Hispanic patients were each associated with decreased IO utilization but there were no independent associations between race and receipt of IO in patients with UC. The analysis also suggested that patients treated at non-academic facilities were less likely to receive IO therapy for these specific genitourinary malignancies.