Renal neoplasms in young adults

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in young adults differs in clinical manifestation, pathologic diagnosis, and prognosis. The prevalence of familial renal neoplastic syndromes is much higher in younger adults, and genetic testing is routinely recommended. In this pictorial review, syndromic, non-syndromic, and newer RCC entities that are common in young adults are presented. Their associated unique epidemiology, characteristic imaging and pathologic traits, and key aspects of surveillance and management of renal neoplasms in young adults are discussed.