Ocular toxicities of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in hematologic malignancies

Modern targeted therapies and immunotherapies for hematologic malignancies often cause unique, underrecognized ocular toxicities. These adverse effects vary significantly by drug class: CAR T-cell therapies induce neuro-ophthalmic symptoms, while TKIs cause edema or retinal issues. Immune checkpoint inhibitors trigger inflammatory conditions like uveitis. While usually reversible with interdisciplinary management, prompt intervention is essential to prevent permanent vision loss.