Novel strategies targeting mutant calreticulin in essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis

This review outlines the structure and function of mutant calreticulin (CALR), emphasizing clinically and therapeutically relevant differences between the two most common mutation types. It also discusses current limitations in the management of CALR-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms and highlights emerging strategies to selectively target mutant CALR, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, cancer vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and antibody–drug conjugates.