Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: A review of available therapies and clinical scenarios encountered in myeloma relapse

Multiple myeloma relapses occur at different stages and addressing them can be complex and challenging when therapies and patient-related factors are considered. This review covers the pharmacologic mechanisms underlying IMiDs, proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, traditional chemotherapy, and venetoclax, as well as clinical data supporting the use of these therapies and approaches to special situations during relapse such as renal impairment and extramedullary disease. The review also addresses the use of CAR-T, BiTE, and CELMoD therapies.