Measurable residual disease by mass spectrometry and next-generation flow to assess treatment response in myeloma

In transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients, measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment using next-generation flow (NGF) and mass spectrometry (MS) provides similar prognostic value for single time points and progression tracking. Mass spectrometry (QIP-MS) offers a minimally invasive method for MRD detection and shows high sensitivity for serial response evaluations. Both NGF and QIP-MS can differentiate between patient groups with significantly different progression-free survival (PFS), with maintaining or converting to MRD negativity being associated with better outcomes. Additionally, reemergence of MRD by QIP-MS suggests a high risk of imminent clinical progression, emphasizing its potential as a crucial tool in monitoring MM.