Navigating the frontier of CAR-T cell resistance: From underlying mechanisms to innovative therapeutic solutions

In a clinical review, researchers discuss the immunological mechanisms underlying CAR T-cell therapy resistance, including tumor-intrinsic alterations, CAR T-cell dysfunction, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. They also highlight potential strategies to overcome resistance, including multi-target CAR-T cells, immune-modulatory engineering, and combination therapies.