RAS as a Positive Predictive Biomarker: Focus on Lung and Colorectal Cancer Patients

Rat sarcoma (RAS) oncogenes have intensively been investigated during the last decades. Taking into account all human tumors, Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) gene is the most frequently mutated (about 22%) among the three isoforms, followed by Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog (NRAS) (8%) and Harvey Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (HRAS) (3%). In the last years, careful attention has been paid on KRAS and NRAS gene mutations in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The latest evidences are here reviewed, providing also an overview of the real-world RAS mutation testing practice across different Italian laboratories.